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Pallas (Giant)
In Greek mythology, Pallas (Πάλλας) was one of the Gigantes (Giants), the offspring of Gaia, born from the blood of the castrated Uranus.〔For the birth of the Gigantes see Hesiod, ''Theogony'' (185 ). Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' (Preface ) gives Tartarus as the father of the Giants.〕 According to the mythographer Apollodorus, during the Gigantomachy, the cosmic battle of the Giants with the Olympian gods, he was flayed by Athena who used his skin as a shield.〔Apollodorus, (1.6.2 ).〕 Though the origin of Athena's epithet "Pallas" is obscure,〔Burkert, p. 139.〕 according to a fragment from an unidentified play of Epicharmus (between c. 540 and c. 450 BC), Athena, after having used his skin for her cloak, took her name from the Giant Pallas.〔See Guillén, (p. 83 ), who says that this might have been an invention of Epicharmus', "suggesting a comic etymology for the name of Pallas". See also Suidas s.v. (''Παλλάς'' (Pallas) ), which says her epithet derived "from brandishing (''pallein'') the spear, or from having killed Pallas, one of the Giants". Other accounts give other derivations for her name, see for example Pallas the daughter of Triton.〕
This story, related by Apollodorus and Epicharmus, is one of a number of stories in which Athena kills and flays an opponent, with its hide becoming her aegis.〔Robertson (p. 42 ).〕 For example, Euripides tells that during "the battle the giants fought against the gods in Phlegra" that it was the Gorgon (possibly considered here to be one of the Giants) that Athena killed and flayed,〔Euripides, ''Ion'' (987–997 ).〕 while the epic poem ''Meropis'', has Athena kill and flay the Giant Asterus, using his impenetrable skin for her aegis.〔Robertson, (p. 42 ), (pp. 43–44 ); Yasumura, pp. 50, 173 n. 44; Janko, pp. 191–192 (14.250–61).〕 Another of these flayed adversaries, also named Pallas, was said to be the father of Athena, who had tried to rape her.〔Robertson, (p. 42 ); Wilk, (p. 82 ); Burkert, p. 140; Cicero, ''De natura deorum'' (3.59 ); Clement of Alexandria, ''Protrepticus'' (2.28.2 ).〕
The late 4th century AD Latin poet Claudian in his ''Gigantomachia'', has Pallas, as one of several Giants turned to stone by Minerva's Gorgon shield, calling out "What is happening to me? What is this ice that creeps o're all my limbs? What is this numbness that holds me prisoner in these marble fetters?〔 Claudian, ''Gigantomachia'' (91–103 (pp. 286–289) ).〕
Pallas was also the name of a Titan, with whom the Giant is sometimes confused or identified.
== Notes ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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